Uri kuona inononoka Wi-Fi, mawebhusaiti ari kurodha zvishoma nezvishoma, kana mavhidhiyo ari kubhafa? Inogona kunge isiri yako mupi weinternet: dzimwe nguva kune vaenzi vasina mvumo panetiweki yako. Mugwaro iri, iwe unozodzidza maitiro ekuona vapinda kubva pafoni yako yeAroid uye kuvhara kupinda kwavo nematanho akajeka, maapplication anobatsira, uye marongero e router. Isu tichatora maitiro anoshanda, kudzivirira zvisina kufanira tekinoroji jargon, kuti iwe ugone kuwanazve kutonga mumaminitsi, zvakachengeteka. Kuchengetedza imba yako network kiyi yekuvanzika, kuita, uye kudzivirira matambudziko..
Dambudziko rinowanzoitika kupfuura rinoratidzika: kubatana kune network yevavakidzani iri nyore uye, maererano nezvidzidzo zvekumba kwecybersecurity, zvinoitika kazhinji. Usati watora danho, zvakanaka kuti usimbise zvaunofungira, wobva wavhara kupinda, uye pakupedzisira simbisa network yako kuti zvisaitike zvakare. Iwe uchaona zviratidzo zveyambiro, maturusi ekuona michina, uye nzira dzinoshanda dzekuzvibvisa.pamwe chete nekurudziro dzemutemo uye maitiro akanaka.
Zviratidzo zvekuti mumwe munhu ari kushandisa yako WiFi pasina mvumo
Chiratidzo chinonyanyozivikanwa ndechekudonha kwekukurumidza: kana bandwidth iri kugoverwa nevasingazivi, zvinhu zvose zvinowedzera kuipa. Tarisa kunonoka kurodha nguva, kutadza kutenderera mhando, kana kukanganisa paunenge uchitamba mitambo. Kudonha kwakasimba mukushandiswa kwedata pasina chikonzero chiri pachena kunogona kuratidza kuti kune akawanda akabatana zvishandiso kupfuura zvaunofunga..
Chimwe chiratidzo chiitiko che router kana pasina munhu kumba ari kubhurawuza internet. Mazhinji ma routers anoratidza mwenje we LED kune network traffic; kana vachibwaira pasina chikonzero, panogona kunge paine chiitiko panetiweki yako. Aya zviratidzo anoshandiswa kuona nguva dzose kushandiswa pazvisingafaniri kuitika..
Iri zvakare zano rakanaka kutarisa kusajairika shanduko mukushandiswa kwedata kana spikes dzimwe nguva kana usingashandise internet. Kana chirongwa chako chedhata "chikanyangarika" kutanga kana iroroti yechiitiko che router inoratidza ma-awa ekubatanidza, inguva yekuferefeta..
Chekupedzisira, tarisa rondedzero yevatengi vakabatana: kana mazita echienzi kana mabhureki ausingazive akaoneka, panogona kuve nekupindira. Kutsvaga michina ine mavara akaita sekuti "hazvizivikanwe" kana "generic" mureza mutsvuku.
Maitiro ekutarisa network yako uye kuona vanopinda kubva kuAndroid
Iwe unogona kutanga pakarepo netiweki yekuongorora maapplication pane nharembozha yako. Imwe yeanonyanya kufarirwa ndeye Fing, iyo inoongorora yako Wi-Fi network, inozivisa zvishandiso, uye inopa maficha senge kumhanya bvunzo, ping, traceroute, uye yambiro yemidziyo mitsva. Fing inomira kunze kwekuzivikanwa kwayo kwakaringana kwemugadziri, modhi, IP uye MAC kero..
Mamwe maapplication anobatsira eAndroid ndeaya Netcut uye WiFi Inspector. Netcut inokutendera kuti utore kuti ndeapi maturusi ane internet yekuwana panetiweki yako (ishandise chete kunetiweki yako), uye WiFi Inspector inoongorora chengetedzo uye inoratidza zvakabatana zvishandiso. Zvishandiso izvi zvinokubatsira kunyora kuti ndiani ari muchikepe uye kuita sarudzo nekukurumidza..
Kana uri kushandisa Fing, vhura iyo app uye tinya scan. Kana yapera, iwe uchaona runyoro rwemidziyo ine yavo IP kero, MAC kero, uye zita. Iwe unogona kutumidza zita zvishandiso zvako kuti uzvizive zviri nyore nekungotarisa uye kumaka chero zvisingazivikanwe. Iyo MAC kero ndiyo yakasarudzika identifier yauchazoda kuti uvhare nemaoko kupinda kubva kune yako router..
Ramba uchifunga kuti mukati IPs inoshanduka, asi iyo MAC kero haina. Kuti usimbise, tarisa iyo MAC kero yezvishandiso zvako mune yavo network marongero (semuenzaniso, pa Android: Settings> Nezve foni> Status). Kuongorora kero yeMAC kunodzivirira kuti zvishandiso zvako zvisave zvisizvo sevapindiri..
Kuwana router yako kubva kunharembozha yako: Yakajairika IPs uye kwekutarisa
Kuti ubvise nechisimba mumwe munhu kubva kunetiweki yako, iwe unozofanirwa kuwana yako router control panel kuburikidza neako Android browser. Edza 192.168.1.1 kana 192.168.0.1; paASUS routers kazhinji 192.168.50.1, paFRITZ!Bhokisi 192.168.178.1, uye paTP-Link inogona kusiyana (kazhinji 192.168.0.1). Kana uine chero kusahadzika, tarisa chinonamirwa pazasi peiyo router kana gidhi yayo yekukurumidza yekuisa..
Kana wapinda, pinda. Kana usati wachinja magwaro ako, pamakomputa mazhinji zita rekushandisa nepassword ndi "admin", kunyangwe iri pfungwa yakanaka kutarisa zita pane yako chaiyo modhi. Izvo zvakakosha kuti uchinje izvo zvitupa mushure kuti pasave nemunhu anogona kuwana manejimendi.
Tsvaga zvikamu zvakaita se "Midziyo Yakabatanidzwa", "DHCP Client List", "LAN Status", kana "Network Status". Mune iyo runyorwa, iwe uchaona ese anoshanda zvishandiso. Ziva dzausingazive kuti ugone kuita pazviri padanho rinotevera..
Kuvharira zvishandiso zvisingazivikanwe: nzira dzinoshanda
Iyo iri nyore uye inoshanda nzira yekubvisa vanopinda ndeyekuchinja yako Wi-Fi password. Kuita izvi kuchabvisa zvishandiso zvese, uye avo chete vanoziva password nyowani vachakwanisa kubatana zvakare. Usati wachinja kiyi, dzima WPS kudzivirira chero munhu kuverevedza mukati zvakare iwe uchivandudza..
Nezve WPS: iyo PIN haina kuchengeteka uye vagadziri vazhinji vakaidzima, asi bhatani remuviri rinowanzo shanda. Kana ukaidzvanya, chero munhu anogona kubatana asina kuisa password kwemasekonzi 60–120. Kudzima WPS kunovhara nzvimbo iri nyore yekuwana iyo vanhu vazhinji vachiri kushungurudza..
Imwe sarudzo ndeye MAC kero kusefa. Pa router yako, gadzira "whitelist" yemidziyo yako yeMAC kero kana "blacklist" yekupinda MAC kero. Haisi benzi (anorwisa anogona kutevedzera MAC kero yechishandiso chiri pamutemo), asi inowedzera dziviriro. Ishandise sechimwe chikamu chekuwedzera, kwete sechivharo chekuchengetedza chete..
Marouters mazhinji anobvumidza iwe kuvhara zvishandiso zvakananga kubva pane rondedzero yemidziyo yakabatana uchishandisa sarudzo senge "kuramba kupinda," "block," kana zvakafanana. Isa izvi kumidziyo isingazivikanwe uye chengetedza shanduko. Uku kuvharika nekukurumidza kunobatsira iwe uchigadzirira mamwe akasimba matanho.
Kana zvinhu zvisisadzoreki uye usingayeuke zvawakachinja, dzorera router kune zvigadziriso zvefekitari uchishandisa bhatani riri parouter kana kuburikidza nemenyu. Wobva wagadzirisa zvese zvakare: SSID, password yakasimba, encryption, uye WPS yakaremara. Kugadzirisa zvachose kunobvisa zvakaunganidzwa zvisina kuchengetedzeka zvigadziriso.
Yakakosha WiFi kuchengetedza marongero
Shandisa WPA3 pese kana router yako nemidziyo ichitsigira; nzira yayo yeSAE inopa dziviriro iri nani pakurwiswa nechisimba. Kana izvo zvisingaite, WPA2-AES ichiri sarudzo yakanaka. Dzivisa WPA/TKIP uye kanganwa nezveWEP, sezvo isingachashandi uye iri panjodzi. Kuvharidzira kwakakodzera kunoita mutsauko pakati penetiweki yakachengeteka uye iyo iri nyore kupaza mairi..
Chinja iyo default SSID uye password. Dzivisa kushandisa ruzivo rwemunhu muzita retiweki uye gadzira password refu ine mavara makuru, madiki mavara, manhamba, uye zviratidzo. Zano rinobatsira: Vamwe vatengi vanovhiringika nebhii rekuti "Ñ" kana nzvimbo, saka zvakanaka kuti usazvishandise mupassword. Kuvandudza magwaro aya kunoderedza kurwiswa kweduramazwi..
Kana uchida, unogona kuvanza iyo SSID kuti network yako irege kuoneka paunenge uchitsvaga Wi-Fi, kunyangwe varwisi vepamberi vachigona kuzviona. Kuti uite izvi: enda kune control panel, famba uchienda ku "Wireless Settings," uye dzima sarudzo yeSSID yekutepfenyura; chengetedza uye shandisa shanduko. Haisi dziviriro yakakwana, asi inoodza moyo kungo tarisa..
Chengetedza firmware yerouter yako kusvika parizvino. Vazhinji vagadziri vanoburitsa zvigamba zvekuchengetedza uye kuvandudzwa nguva dzose. Tarisa "Gadzirisa" chikamu cherouter yako control panel kana webhusaiti uye shandisa yazvino yakagadzikana vhezheni iripo. Iwo anogadziridza anogadzirisa kusasimba kunogona kushandiswa nevanorwisa..
Gadzira network yevaenzi yevashanyi uye yechitatu-bato zvishandiso. Pane mamwe mamodheru (semuenzaniso, ASUS), unogona kutsanangura akawanda evaenzi network uye kunyange segment traffic ine VLANs kuparadzanisa zvachose network huru. Kuparadzanisa muenzi uye chikuru kunodzika chiyero chechero dambudziko.
Maitiro ekuona ndiani ari kushandisa yako WiFi pane mamwe masisitimu
PaWindows, maturusi akaita seWireshark (traffic capture and analysis), Nmap (port scanning and host discovery), Wireless Network Watcher, uye Advanced IP Scanner inokupa yakadzama yetiweki kuoneka. Navo unogona kunyora zvishandiso, madoko akavhurika, uye zviitiko zvinofungirwa..
macOS inopa mapurogiramu akaita seAni Ari PaWiFi Yangu, LanScan, KisMAC, uye Network Radar. Zvishandiso izvi zvinokubatsira kuona zvishandiso zvakabatana, vagadziri, uye masevhisi anoshanda. Aya ndiwo anobatsira sarudzo kana iwe ukabata network kubva kuMac..
Pa iPhone, mapurogiramu akaita seNetwork Analyzer kana iNet inopa kuongororwa kwetiweki, diagnostics, uye rondedzero yemuchina. Yakakwana yekutarisa nekukurumidza kubva kuIOS kana iwe usina komputa yako.
Uye kana iwe uchitsvaga yekutarisisa yepamusoro, mapuratifomu akaita seDatadog, Zabbix, kana SolarWinds anogona kukuzivisa iwe panongobuda mudziyo mutsva panetiweki. Mhinduro idzi dzakanyanya tekinoroji, asi dzine simba zvakanyanya pakuenderera mberi kwekutarisa.
Zvishandiso uye zvigadziriso zvinoita kuti hupenyu hwako huve nyore
Fing yave bhenji ine mamirioni evashandisi nekuda kwekurongeka kwayo mukuziva zvishandiso, kumhanya bvunzo, port scanning, ping, traceroute, uye ziviso kana chimwe chinhu chitsva chaonekwa. Inotopa NetBIOS, UPnP, SNMP, uye Bonjour ongororo yezviri nani mudziyo profiling. Iyo nharembozha nzira inobvumidza iwe kudzora yako network network kubva pasofa.
Kuwedzera iyo Fingbox yekuwedzera inokupa iwe mamwe maficha: otomatiki kuvharika kwevanopinda vasati vabatana, zvidzoreso zvevabereki zvine masheti, kuongororwa kwebandwidth pamudziyo, otomatiki kumhanya bvunzo, uye "digital perimeter" yekuona zvishandiso zviri pedyo. Inzira yekuendesa kumba network kuchengetedza kune imwe nhanho.
Pamusoro pechikamu chetiweki, Fing inozvirumbidza zvinobatsira zvakadai sekutsvaga makamera akavanzika munzvimbo dzekugara kana kutarisa kana opareta wako aunza kumhanya kwechibvumirano. Aya ndiwo anonakidza ekuwedzera anowedzera kukosha kupfuura nyore kuongorora.
Panyaya yekuvanzika, VPN yakaita seSurfshark inovhara traffic yako, inovhara IP yako kero, uye inobatsira kudzikisira kurwiswa kwemunhu-mukati-yepakati (MITM). Iwe unogona kushandisa iyo app kana yekuwedzera, sarudza yakanakisa yakakurudzirwa sevha, uye simbisa iyo yekubatanidza nepombi imwe chete. Iyo VPN layer haitsivi chengetedzo ye router, asi inowedzera dziviriro pameso ekuona..
Surfshark inopawo maficha akaita seAlert yekutarisa kune inovuza. Ibatise kuti igamuchire zviziviso kana email yako kana mapassword akaonekwa mukutyorwa kwedata. Kuonekwa kwekutanga kunokubvumira kuti uite nekuchinja makiyi kusati kwaitika kukuvara..
Mamwe matanho ekuchengetedza yako network network
Dzima Wi-Fi yako kana uchienda kuzororo uye usasiye kumashure chero akangwara epamba kana makamera anoenderana netiweki; kana iwe uchida kugovera kubatana, bvunza gwara redu pa hotspot kana tetheringHapana chiratidzo, zero inogoneka intrusions panguva yekusipo kwako. Iyo inonyanya kushanda nzira yekudzikisa njodzi kana pasina chikonzero chekubatanidza ndeye kudimbura..
Tarisa matanda e router yako nguva nenguva. Ongororo yemwedzi wega wega ichakubvumidza iwe kuti uone kazhinji kubviswa, kuedza kupinda, kana mamwe maitiro asina kujairika. Periodic auditing inoona anomalies isati yawedzera.
Cherechedza zviratidzo zve LED zve router. Kana ivo vachipenya zvakajeka kana pasina munhu ari kushandisa internet, panogona kunge paine chiitiko chisingadiwe. Aya anooneka "telltales" inzira inokurumidza yekuona kufungidzirwa kupindirwa..
Kudzora kwevabereki: Marouters mazhinji anosanganisira maprofile emudziyo kudzikamisa nguva yekuwana, kumbomira kuwana internet, kana kusefa zvirimo. Izvi zvinoshanda zvikuru pakugadzirisa kuwana kwevana pasina kushandisa matanho akasimba. Kuseta hurongwa hwekunze kweindaneti kunoderedza kushandiswa kunze kwemaawa akabvumiranwa..
Kana iwe uchida rumwe rutsigiro, kuSpain INCIBE inopa iyo AntiBotnet Service kubva kuOSI kuti itarise kuti ingangovepo yebhotnet pakubatanidza kwako. Chinhu chemahara, cheruzhinji chinobatsira kutsigira kuchengetedzwa kwemba yako..
Chii chinoitika kana mumwe munhu akashandisa yako WiFi: tekinoroji uye zvemutemo njodzi
Kunze kwekunonoka, kune zvinorehwa zvakakomba. Muparidzi anogona kuona traffic, kuba mapassword, kana kuwana macomputer nemakamera kana akawana masevhisi asina kurongeka. Iine malware pane imwe mudziyo, hutachiona hunogona kupararira kune vamwe kunetiweki.
Kune zvakare njodzi dziri pamutemo: kana wechitatu akashandisa kubatana kwako kudhawunirodha zvisiri pamutemo kana kuvhura cyberattacks, unogona kubatwa nemhosva. MuSpain, kubatana kune network yakachengetedzwa pasina mvumo kunogona kutungamirira kune zvirango pasi pePenal Code (zvinyorwa zvine chekuita nekubiridzira kunosanganisira mabasa eruzhinji), nefaindi yemwedzi yakati wandei zvichienderana nenyaya. Iyo yakanyanya kudzivirira ndeyekudzivirira kupinda kusingatenderwe uye kuchengetedza humbowo hwekuchengetedza hunoshanda..
Kune mabhizinesi, kuratidzwa kwakakura: kurasikirwa nedata kana kukanganisa bhizinesi kune zvese zvemari uye mukurumbira. Mamwe mainishuwarenzi, akadai seZurich, anopa cybersecurity inishuwarenzi kudzikisa mutengo mushure mechiitiko. Kuchinjisa njodzi hakutsivi nhanho dzehunyanzvi, asi inobatsira kubata kurova..
Zvinokurudzirwa maitiro akanakisa nhanho nhanho
Dzima WPS, shandura yako Wi-Fi uye router admin mapaneru mapassword, gonesa WPA3/WPA2-AES, uye gadziridza firmware. Mushure meizvozvo, tarisa rondedzero yemidziyo uye vhara chero isingazivikanwe. Neidzi mbiru ina unobvisa mazhinji mavheji ekupinda mudzimba.
Funga kugadzira network yevaenzi uye kupatsanura nemapoka emidziyo (semuenzaniso, IoT uye yekutanga) kana router yako ichibvumira. Wedzera MAC kusefa sechimwe chikamu chekudzivirira. Matunhu akawanda ekuchengetedza anoita kuti basa reanorwisa rinyanye kuoma..
Kana ari mapassword, shandisa akareba, akasiyana asina maitiro ari pachena. Dzivisa yakajairika "12345678" kana zita rembwa yako; pachinzvimbo, shandisa mazwi asina kurongeka ane manhamba nezviratidzo. Gadzirisa password yako nguva nenguva uye usagovane nayo zvishoma nevavakidzani..
Zvishandiso zvakaita seFing kana Network Analyzer (iOS) ichakubatsira iwe kutarisa mawedzero emudziyo uye kubviswa nezviziviso uye kumhanya bvunzo dzekuita kuti uone mabhodhoro. Kugashira zviziviso kana mudziyo mutsva uchinge waonekwa unotendera iwe kuti uite ipapo ipapo.
